Desempeño cognitivo en usuarios y no usuarios de metanfetaminas en abstinencia temprana y prolongada
Contenido principal del artículo
Resumen
Introducción: el consumo de metanfetaminas altera el desempeño cognitivo en general, sin embargo, la evidencia es heterogénea y escasa en la población mexicana.
Objetivo: conocer la diferencia existente entre el tiempo de abstinencia a metanfetaminas y el desempeño cognitivo en población mexicana consumidora y no consumidora e identificar la relación entre los consumidores en etapas tempranas y prolongadas de abstinencia.
Método: investigación de tipo correlacional comparativa. Se compuso de 34 participantes del sexo masculino entre 17 y 57 años de edad; 25 son pacientes con trastorno por consumo de metanfetamina en abstinencia de un centro de rehabilitación (1 a 180 días: n = 17; 180 o más días n = 8) que fueron comparados con individuos controles sanos no consumidores (n = 9). Se aplicó una batería de pruebas neuropsicológicas para medir el desempeño cognitivo (flexibilidad mental, control inhibitorio y memoria de trabajo). Los datos se analizaron con el programa estadístico STATISTICA 7.
Resultados: los hallazgos sugieren diferencias significativas en el desempeño cognitivo entre consumidores en abstinencia a metanfetaminas y personas no consumidoras, particularmente en el control inhibitorio cognitivo y memoria de trabajo. Por una parte, se encontró un funcionamiento cognitivo similar entre pacientes con tiempos diferentes de abstinencia. Aunque, en comparación con el grupo no consumidor se halló que el desempeño cognitivo fue peor para el grupo de abstinencia temprana, no así, para el grupo de abstinencia prolongada. El historial de consumo se correlacionó con alteraciones cognitivas en la memoria de trabajo y flexibilidad mental.
Discusión y conclusiones: el consumo de metanfetaminas tiene implicaciones en el desempeño del control inhibitorio y de memoria de trabajo en abstinencia temprana.
Detalles del artículo
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial 4.0.
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