Autoeficacia y craving en hombres con trastorno por consumo de sustancias en tratamiento residencial
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Resumen
Introducción: el craving y la autoeficacia son factores fundamentales al abordar la problemática global de los trastornos por consumo de sustancias, sobre todo, se destaca su papel en el riesgo de recaídas.
Objetivo: este estudio analizó la relación entre la autoeficacia y el craving en pacientes con trastorno por consumo de sustancias en tratamiento residencial.
Método: se empleó un diseño cuantitativo, no experimental, de corte transversal y alcance correlacional. Participaron 176 hombres adultos (χ̄ = 35 años) que se encontraban en tratamiento en centros especializados. Se aplicó el Cuestionario Breve de Confianza Situacional (BSCQ), la Escala Mannheim para el craving (MaCS) y una ficha sociodemográfica/clínica.
Resultados: el 71% de los participantes presentó alta autoeficacia, con puntuaciones mayores en las situaciones de emociones agradables (82.4%) y malestar físico (80.1%), y menores en desafíos al autocontrol (68.2%) y emociones desagradables (72.7%). En cuanto a la sintomatología de craving, presentó una media de 12.93 (DE = 8.06), siendo más elevado en policonsumidores. Se confirmó una correlación negativa, significativa y de baja intensidad entre autoeficacia y craving (ρ = -.282, p < .01).
Discusión y conclusiones: el alcohol y policonsumo predominaron en la población con trayectorias de consumo prolongadas y repetidos tratamientos, lo que refleja la cronicidad de estos trastornos. Se resaltó el rol protector de la autoeficacia frente al craving, influenciado por el contexto residencial. Se identificaron diferencias según la sustancia, y destaca que consumidores de cannabis presentaron mayor autoeficacia y menor craving, lo que sugiere perfiles clínicos diferenciados y la necesidad de intervenciones específicas.
Detalles del artículo
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